Amazon's Kindle Oasis is still a great e-reader for buyers who want physical page turn buttons and premium features like rotating screen orientation, but at over four years old, this model is showing its age.
DBS-C01 PDF Download - AWS Certified Database - Specialty Updated: 2024
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Other Amazon exams
AWS-CSAP AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional (SOP-C01)AWS-CSS AWS Certified Security - Specialty ( (SCS-C01)
AWS-CDBS AWS Certified Database-Specialty (DBS-C01)
CLF-C01 AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner (CLF-C01)
DOP-C01 AWS DevOps Engineer Professional (DOP-C01)
DVA-C01 AWS Certified Developer -Associate (DVA-C01)
MLS-C01 AWS Certified Machine Learning Specialty (MLS-C01)
SCS-C01 AWS Certified Security - Specialty (SCS-C01)
SAA-C02 AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Associate - 2023
SOA-C02 AWS Certified SysOps Administrator - Associate (SOA-C02)
DAS-C01 AWS Certified Data Analytics - Specialty (DAS-C01)
SAP-C01 AWS Certified Solutions Architect Professional
SAA-C03 AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Associate
ANS-C01 AWS Certified Advanced Networking - Specialty exam (ANS-C01)
SAP-C02 AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional
PAS-C01 SAP on AWS - Specialty Certification
DOP-C02 AWS Certified DevOps Engineer - Professional
DVA-C02 AWS Certified Developer - Associate
SCS-C02 AWS Certified Security - Specialty
CLF-C02 AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner
DBS-C01 AWS Certified Database - Specialty
A database specialist manages a critical Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance for a company. The data stored daily could vary from .01% to 10% of the current
database size. The database specialist needs to ensure that the DB instance storage grows as needed.
What is the MOST operationally efficient and cost-effective solution?
A. Configure RDS Storage Auto Scaling.
B. Configure RDS instance Auto Scaling.
C. Modify the DB instance allocated storage to meet the forecasted requirements.
D. Monitor the Amazon CloudWatch FreeStorageSpace metric daily and add storage as required.
Answer: A
Explanation:
If your workload is unpredictable, you can enable storage autoscaling for an Amazon RDS DB instance. With storage autoscaling enabled, when Amazon RDS detects
that you are running out of free database space it automatically scales up your storage. https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2019/06/rds-storage-auto-scaling/
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/USER_PIOPS.StorageTypes.html#USER_PIOPS.Autoscaling
Question: 88
A company is due for renewing its database license. The company wants to migrate its 80 TB transactional database system from on-premises to the AWS Cloud. The
migration should incur the least possible downtime on the downstream database applications. The companys network infrastructure has limited network bandwidth that
is shared with other applications.
Which solution should a database specialist use for a timely migration?
A. Perform a full backup of the source database to AWS Snowball Edge appliances and ship them to be loaded to Amazon S3. Use AWS DMS to migrate change data
capture (CDC) data from the source database to Amazon S3. Use a second AWS DMS task to migrate all the S3 data to the target database.
B. Perform a full backup of the source database to AWS Snowball Edge appliances and ship them to be loaded to Amazon S3. Periodically perform incremental
backups of the source database to be shipped in another Snowball Edge appliance to handle syncing change data capture (CDC) data from the source to the target
database.
C. Use AWS DMS to migrate the full load of the source database over a VPN tunnel using the internet for its primary connection. Allow AWS DMS to handle syncing
change data capture (CDC) data from the source to the target database.
D. Use the AWS Schema Conversion Tool (AWS SCT) to migrate the full load of the source database over a VPN tunnel using the internet for its primary connection.
Allow AWS SCT to handle syncing change data capture (CDC) data from the source to the target database.
Answer: A
Explanation:
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/dms/latest/userguide/CHAP_Target.S3.html Using Amazon S3 as a target for AWS Database Migration Service
Question: 89
A database specialist is responsible for an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance with one read replica. The DB instance and the read replica are assigned to the
default parameter group. The database team currently runs test queries against a read replica. The database team wants to create additional tables in the read replica that
will only be accessible from the read replica to benefit the tests.
Which should the database specialist do to allow the database team to create the test tables?
A. Contact AWS Support to disable read-only mode on the read replica. Reboot the read replica.
Connect to the read replica and create the tables.
B. Change the read_only parameter to false (read_only=0) in the default parameter group of the read replica. Perform a reboot without failover. Connect to the read
replica and create the tables using the local_only MySQL option.
C. Change the read_only parameter to false (read_only=0) in the default parameter group. Reboot the read replica. Connect to the read replica and create the tables.
D. Create a new DB parameter group. Change the read_only parameter to false (read_only=0). Associate the read replica with the new group. Reboot the read replica.
Connect to the read replica and create the tables.
Answer: D
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Explanation:
https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/knowledge-center/rds-read-replica/
Question: 90
A company has a heterogeneous six-node production Amazon Aurora DB cluster that handles online transaction processing (OLTP) for the core business and OLAP
reports for the human resources department. To match compute resources to the use case, the company has decided to have the reporting workload for the human
resources department be directed to two small nodes in the Aurora DB cluster, while every other workload goes to four large nodes in the same DB cluster.
Which option would ensure that the correct nodes are always available for the appropriate workload while meeting these requirements?
A. Use the writer endpoint for OLTP and the reader endpoint for the OLAP reporting workload.
B. Use automatic scaling for the Aurora Replica to have the appropriate number of replicas for the desired workload.
C. Create additional readers to cater to the different scenarios.
D. Use custom endpoints to satisfy the different workloads.
Answer: D
Explanation:
https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2018/11/amazon-aurora-simplifies-workload-management-with-custom-endpoints/
You can now create custom endpoints for Amazon Aurora databases. This allows you to distribute and load balance workloads across different sets of database
instances in your Aurora cluster. For example, you may provision a set of Aurora Replicas to use an instance type with higher memory capacity in order to run an
analytics workload. A custom endpoint can then help you route the analytics workload to these appropriately-configured instances, while keeping other instances in
your cluster isolated from this workload. As you add or remove instances from the custom endpoint to match your workload, the endpoint helps spread the load around.
Question: 91
Developers have requested a new Amazon Redshift cluster so they can load new third-party marketing data. The new cluster is ready and the user credentials are given
to the developers.
The developers indicate that their copy jobs fail with the following error message:
Amazon Invalid operation: S3ServiceException:Access Denied,Status 403,Error AccessDenied.
The developers need to load this data soon, so a database specialist must act quickly to solve this issue.
What is the MOST secure solution?
A. Create a new IAM role with the same user name as the Amazon Redshift developer user I
B. Provide the IAM role with read-only access to Amazon S3 with the assume role action.
C. Create a new IAM role with read-only access to the Amazon S3 bucket and include the assume role action. Modify the Amazon Redshift cluster to add the IAM
role.
D. Create a new IAM role with read-only access to the Amazon S3 bucket with the assume role action. Add this role to the developer IAM user ID used for the copy
job that ended with an error message.
E. Create a new IAM user with access keys and a new role with read-only access to the Amazon S3 bucket. Add this role to the Amazon Redshift cluster. Change the
copy job to use the access keys created.
Answer: B
Explanation:
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/gsg/rs-gsg-create-an-iam-role.html
"Now that you have created the new role, your next step is to attach it to your cluster. You can attach
the role when you launch a new cluster or you can attach it to an existing cluster. In the next step, you attach the role to a new cluster."
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/dg/copy-usage_notes-access-permissions.html
Question: 92
A database specialist at a large multi-national financial company is in charge of designing the disaster recovery strategy for a highly available application that is in
development. The application uses an Amazon DynamoDB table as its data store. The application requires a recovery time objective (RTO) of 1 minute and a recovery
point objective (RPO) of 2 minutes.
Which operationally efficient disaster recovery strategy should the database specialist recommend for the DynamoDB table?
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A. Create a DynamoDB stream that is processed by an AWS Lambda function that copies the data to a DynamoDB table in another Region.
B. Use a DynamoDB global table replica in another Region. Enable point-in-time recovery for both tables.
C. Use a DynamoDB Accelerator table in another Region. Enable point-in-time recovery for the table.
D. Create an AWS Backup plan and assign the DynamoDB table as a resource.
Answer: C
Question: 93
A small startup company is looking to migrate a 4 TB on-premises MySQL database to AWS using an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance.
Which strategy would allow for a successful migration with the LEAST amount of downtime?
A. Deploy a new RDS for MySQL DB instance and configure it for access from the on-premises data center. Use the mysqldump utility to create an initial snapshot
from the on-premises MySQL server, and copy it to an Amazon S3 bucket. Import the snapshot into the DB instance utilizing the MySQL utilities running on an
Amazon EC2 instance. Immediately point the application to the DB instance.
B. Deploy a new Amazon EC2 instance, install the MySQL software on the EC2 instance, and configure networking for access from the on-premises data center. Use
the mysqldump utility to create a snapshot of the on-premises MySQL server. Copy the snapshot into the EC2 instance and restore it into the EC2 MySQL instance.
Use AWS DMS to migrate data into a new RDS for MySQL DB instance. Point the application to the DB instance.
C. Deploy a new Amazon EC2 instance, install the MySQL software on the EC2 instance, and configure networking for access from the on-premises data center. Use
the mysqldump utility to create a snapshot of the on-premises MySQL server. Copy the snapshot into an Amazon S3 bucket and import the snapshot into a new RDS
for MySQL DB instance using the MySQL utilities running on an EC2 instance. Point the application to the DB instance.
D. Deploy a new RDS for MySQL DB instance and configure it for access from the on-premises data center. Use the mysqldump utility to create an initial snapshot
from the on-premises MySQL server, and copy it to an Amazon S3 bucket. Import the snapshot into the DB instance using the MySQL utilities running on an Amazon
EC2 instance. Establish replication into the new DB instance using MySQL replication. Stop application access to the on-premises MySQL server and let the remaining
transactions replicate over. Point the application to the DB instance.
Answer: B
Question: 94
A software development company is using Amazon Aurora MySQL DB clusters for several use cases, including development and reporting. These use cases place
unpredictable and varying demands on the Aurora DB clusters, and can cause momentary spikes in latency. System users run ad-hoc queries sporadically throughout
the week. Cost is a primary concern for the company, and a solution that does not require significant rework is needed.
Which solution meets these requirements?
A. Create new Aurora Serverless DB clusters for development and reporting, then migrate to these new DB clusters.
B. Upgrade one of the DB clusters to a larger size, and consolidate development and reporting activities on this larger DB cluster.
C. Use existing DB clusters and stop/start the databases on a routine basis using scheduling tools.
D. Change the DB clusters to the burstable instance family.
Answer: A
Explanation:
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/AuroraUserGuide/Concepts.DBInstanceClass.html
Question: 95
A database specialist is building a system that uses a static vendor dataset of postal codes and related territory information that is less than 1 GB in size. The dataset is
loaded into the applications cache at start up. The company needs to store this data in a way that provides the lowest cost with a low application startup time.
Which approach will meet these requirements?
A. Use an Amazon RDS DB instance. Shut down the instance once the data has been read.
B. Use Amazon Aurora Serverless. Allow the service to spin resources up and down, as needed.
C. Use Amazon DynamoDB in on-demand capacity mode.
D. Use Amazon S3 and load the data from flat files.
Answer: D
Explanation:
https://www.sumologic.com/insight/s3-cost-optimization/
For example, for 1 GB file stored on S3 with 1 TB of storage provisioned, you are billed for 1 GB only. In a lot of other services such as Amazon EC2, Amazon
Elastic Block Storage (Amazon EBS) and Amazon DynamoDB you pay for provisioned capacity. For example, in the case of Amazon EBS disk you pay for the size of
1 TB of disk even if you just save 1 GB file. This makes managing S3 cost easier than many other services including Amazon EBS and Amazon EC2. On S3 there is
no risk of over-provisioning and no need to manage disk utilization.
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Question: 96
A database specialist needs to review and optimize an Amazon DynamoDB table that is experiencing performance issues. A thorough investigation by the database
specialist reveals that the partition key is causing hot partitions, so a new partition key is created. The database specialist must effectively apply this new partition key
to all existing and new data.
How can this solution be implemented?
A. Use Amazon EMR to export the data from the current DynamoDB table to Amazon S3. Then use Amazon EMR again to import the data from Amazon S3 into a
new DynamoDB table with the new partition key.
B. Use AWS DMS to copy the data from the current DynamoDB table to Amazon S3. Then import the DynamoDB table to create a new DynamoDB table with the
new partition key.
C. Use the AWS CLI to update the DynamoDB table and modify the partition key.
D. Use the AWS CLI to back up the DynamoDB table. Then use the restore-table-from-backup command and modify the partition key.
Answer: A
Explanation:
https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/knowledge-center/back-up-dynamodb-s3/
Question: 97
A company is going through a security audit. The audit team has identified cleartext master user password in the AWS CloudFormation templates for Amazon RDS for
MySQL DB instances. The audit team has flagged this as a security risk to the database team.
What should a database specialist do to mitigate this risk?
A. Change all the databases to use AWS IAM for authentication and remove all the cleartext passwords in CloudFormation templates.
B. Use an AWS Secrets Manager resource to generate a random password and reference the secret in the CloudFormation template.
C. Remove the passwords from the CloudFormation templates so Amazon RDS prompts for the password when the database is being created.
D. Remove the passwords from the CloudFormation template and store them in a separate file.
Replace the passwords by running CloudFormation using a sed command.
Answer: B
Explanation:
https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/infrastructure-and-automation/securing-passwords-in-aws-quick-starts-using-aws-secrets-manager/
Question: 98
A companys database specialist disabled TLS on an Amazon DocumentDB cluster to perform benchmarking tests. A few days after this change was implemented, a
database specialist trainee accidentally deleted multiple tables. The database specialist restored the database from available snapshots. An hour after restoring the
cluster, the database specialist is still unable to connect to the new cluster endpoint.
What should the database specialist do to connect to the new, restored Amazon DocumentDB cluster?
A. Change the restored clusters parameter group to the original clusters custom parameter group.
B. Change the restored clusters parameter group to the Amazon DocumentDB default parameter group.
C. Configure the interface VPC endpoint and associate the new Amazon DocumentDB cluster.
D. Run the syncInstances command in AWS DataSync.
Answer: A
Explanation:
You can't modify the parameter settings of the default parameter groups. You can use a DB parameter group to act as a container for engine configuration values that
are applied to one or more DB instances. If you create a DB instance without specifying a DB parameter group, the DB instance uses a default DB parameter group.
Each default DB parameter group contains database engine defaults and Amazon RDS system defaults. You can't modify the parameter settings of a default parameter
group. Instead, you create your own parameter group where you choose your own parameter settings. Not all DB engine parameters can be changed in a parameter
group that you create.
Question: 99
A company runs a customer relationship management (CRM) system that is hosted on-premises with a MySQL database as the backend. A custom stored procedure is
used to send email notifications to another system when data is inserted into a table. The company has noticed that the performance of the CRM system has decreased
due to database reporting applications used by various teams. The company requires an AWS solution that would reduce maintenance, improve performance, and
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accommodate the email notification feature.
Which AWS solution meets these requirements?
A. Use MySQL running on an Amazon EC2 instance with Auto Scaling to accommodate the reporting applications. Configure a stored procedure and an AWS Lambda
function that uses Amazon SES to send email notifications to the other system.
B. Use Amazon Aurora MySQL in a multi-master cluster to accommodate the reporting applications. Configure Amazon RDS event subscriptions to publish a message
to an Amazon SNS topic and subscribe the other system's email address to the topic.
C. Use MySQL running on an Amazon EC2 instance with a read replica to accommodate the reporting applications. Configure Amazon SES integration to send email
notifications to the other system.
D. Use Amazon Aurora MySQL with a read replica for the reporting applications. Configure a stored procedure and an AWS Lambda function to publish a message to
an Amazon SNS topic. Subscribe the other system's email address to the topic.
Answer: D
Explanation:
RDS event subscriptions do not cover "data is inserted into a table" - see
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/AuroraUserGuide/USER_Events.Messages.html We can use stored procedure to invoke Lambda function -
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/AuroraUserGuide/AuroraMySQL.Integrating.Lamb da.html
Question: 100
A company needs to migrate Oracle Database Standard Edition running on an Amazon EC2 instance to an Amazon RDS for Oracle DB instance with Multi-AZ. The
database supports an ecommerce website that runs continuously. The company can only provide a maintenance window of up to 5 minutes.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Configure Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) on the EC2 instance and the RDS DB instance. Update the connection string to point to the RAC cluster. Once
the EC2 instance and RDS DB instance are in sync, fail over from Amazon EC2 to Amazon RD
B. Export the Oracle database from the EC2 instance using Oracle Data Pump and perform an import into Amazon RD
C. Stop the application for the entire process. When the import is complete, change the
database connection string and then restart the application.
D. Configure AWS DMS with the EC2 instance as the source and the RDS DB instance as the destination. Stop the application when the replication is in sync, change
the database connection string, and then restart the application.
E. Configure AWS DataSync with the EC2 instance as the source and the RDS DB instance as the destination. Stop the application when the replication is in sync,
change the database connection string, and then restart the application.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Reference: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/USER_UpgradeDBInstance.Oracle.html
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Both Chrome and Firefox have this default setting where they preview PDFs instead of downloading them. This can be a bit annoying, especially if you want to save them but are in a hurry. Therefore, in this article, we are going to see how to download PDFs instead of previewing them in Chrome and Firefox.
Download PDF instead of Previewing in Chrome
Google Chrome has its own PDF Viewer, so, when you click on a PDF, it will be opened with Chrome’s PDF on the browser itself. Therefore, we need to disable Chrome’s PDF viewer to download PFDs instead of previewing them.
- To do that, launch Chrome
- Click on the three vertical dots from the top-right corner of the window
- Cick Settings.
- Now, you need to click Privacy & Security from the left panel
- SelectSite Settings from the right panel
- Scroll down a bit, and click Additional content settings.
- Click PDF documents and enable the toggle of Download PDF files instead of automatically opening them in Chrome.
This way you will be able to download PDFs instead of previewing them in Chrome.
Download PDFs Instead of Previewing Them In Firefox
If you don’t use Chrome but Mozilla Firefox, you can still download PDF instead of opening them. Firefox also has a built-in PDF Viewer, just like Chrome, so, when you click on a PDF, the document will open with Firefox PDF viewer. To download PDF instead of previewing them in Firefox, you can follow the given steps:
- Launch Firefox, click on the three horizontal lines, and select Options.
- Make sure you are on the General tab and scroll down a bit to reach Applications.
- From the “Portable Document Format (PDF)” section, change Open in Firefox to Save File.
This way you will be able to download PDFs instead of previewing them in Firefox.
If you use Microsoft Edge, and you want to download PDFs instead of previewing them, check out our guide.
- Mongabay has begun publishing a new edition of the book, “A Perfect Storm in the Amazon,” in short installments and in three languages: Spanish, English and Portuguese.
- Author Timothy J. Killeen is an academic and expert who, since the 1980s, has studied the rainforests of Brazil and Bolivia, where he lived for more than 35 years.
- Chronicling the efforts of nine Amazonian countries to curb deforestation, this edition provides an overview of the topics most relevant to the conservation of the region’s biodiversity, ecosystem services and Indigenous cultures, as well as a description of the conventional and sustainable development models that are vying for space within the regional economy.
- Click the “A Perfect Storm in the Amazon” link atop this page to see chapters 1-13 as they are published during 2023 and 2024.
Sustainability initiatives have been organised for most of the agricultural commodities of the Pan Amazon, including palm oil, soy and beef, but also for coffee and cacao. Several of these initiatives have adopted the term roundtable in their names because it conveys the notion of inclusiveness that is a core concept in these multi-stakeholder initiatives. Typically, the stakeholders include all the participants in a supply chain, from the farmer to the retailer, but also commodity traders, consumer goods manufacturers, banks and service supplies, as well as civil society groups.
Their shared goal is to identify effective solutions to the social and environmental challenges associated with conventional production systems. The mechanism used to reform supply chains is typically a voluntary certification system that verifies that the production, trade and transformation of a commodity has complied with a set of best practices that have been agreed to by all the parties. The search for consensus is important, because it means all of the stakeholders have agreed to accept this package of solutions and commit to supporting the commercialisation of the goods that have been certified as sustainable.
Some environmental activists view these initiatives as a form of greenwash and have questioned their efficacy. Participating companies certify the production within their own supply chain, but roundtable initiatives have not succeeded in transforming their respective sectors. Demand for certified commodities has failed to attract a critical mass of producers that would actually transform the market and change the economic drivers of deforestation.
Adoption is highest for coffee (40%) and cocoa (22%), while commodities linked to industrial plantations tend to be lower: palm oil (20%), sugar (3%) soy (2%) and beef (<1%). Part of the explanation for the slow uptake of the voluntary standards is the lack of demand; typically, only about fifty per cent of certified production is actually sold as a certified commodity.
The lack of uptake is yet another manifestation of the dilemma of allocating the cost of environmental protection and social justice. Sustainability protocols cost money, which either adds to the price of a consumer good or reduces the profit margin of commodity producers. Although North American and European consumers are concerned about deforestation, most still choose a lower-cost product, while those in Asia, Latin America and the Middle East are overwhelmingly focused on price. Moreover, global commodity markets are dominated by producers on landscapes that were transformed by agriculture decades or centuries in the past, and these farmers operate without fear of being accused of environmental crimes. Consequently, traders are not motivated to pay a premium to farmers on the agricultural frontier.
A few producers seek to differentiate their products as organic, deforestation-free, fair-trade or antibiotic-free because they are selling their products into a differentiated market and receive a premium for their production in compensation for the extra cost and reduced yields that these systems [allegedly] entail. Others participate because it guarantees them market access. Most producers opt to circumvent the voluntary guidelines or sell to traders unconcerned about sustainability or just ignore the whole process entirely.
Social advocates have questioned the economic benefits of certification because they tend to discriminate against small-scale producers who cannot meet the record-keeping and logistical demands of a certification process. These protocols are negotiated by large-scale producers that dominate the roundtable initiatives and tailor the certification criteria to their supply chains. As formalisation spreads throughout national and international markets, smallholders could be increasingly marginalised within regional and even local markets in contradiction with the stated social objectives of these certification schemes.
“A Perfect Storm in the Amazon” is a book by Timothy Killeen and contains the author’s viewpoints and analysis. The second edition was published by The White Horse in 2021, under the terms of a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0 license).
Read the other excerpted portions of chapter 3 here:
Chapter 3. Agriculture: Profitability determines land use
- Agriculture: profitability determines land use October 10, 2023
- Agriculture in the Pan Amazon: Beef production models October 11, 2023
- Industrial infrastructure in the Pan Amazon October 17, 2023
- National versus global markets – beef in the Brazilian Amazon October 19, 2023
- Livestock farming in the Andean Amazon and the rest of the Amazon October 24, 2023
- Intensive agriculture in the Pan Amazon: Soy, maize and other field crops October 25, 2023
- Agriculture in the Pan Amazon: Global markets for soybean and corn crops October 31, 2023
- Agriculture in the Pan Amazon: Industrial infrastructure for grains and cereals November 1, 2023
- Agriculture in the Pan-Amazon: Swine and poultry – Adding value to farm production November 8, 2023
- Oil palm in the Pan Amazon November 9, 2023
- Palm oil cultivation in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Brazil November 13, 2023
- What does oil palm require to reach international markets? November 14, 2023
- Biofuels in the Pan Amazon November 21, 2023
- Coffee and cacao in the Pan Amazon November 22, 2023
- Cultivation and processing of Amazonian coffees November 28, 2023
- High quality cacao in Amazonia November 29, 2023
- Local and national food crops in the Andean Amazon December 5, 2023
- Coca in the Amazon – The anti-development crop December 6, 2023
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IGNOU TEE Previous Year Question Paper is one of the best resources to prepare effectively for the exam. Candidates aspiring for the upcoming exam must download and solve the IGNOU TEE Previous Year Question Paper regularly. It provides valuable details about the exam structure, maximum marks, and topics asked in the exam.
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IGNOU TEE Previous Year Question Papers PDF
Candidates should practice the IGNOU TEE previous year's question paper pdf to get insights into the type of questions along with the weightage asked in the exam over the past year of different courses. Also, they should practice IGNOU TEE previous year question paper to know the areas that require improvements and prepare accordingly.
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IGNOU TEE December 2023 Hall Ticket
IGNOU 2023 June TEE hall ticket has been released on their official website. Candidates can enter their enrollment number and choose the relevant programme to obtain their IGNOU hall ticket. It is required candidates bring their IGNOU hall ticket 2023 and other identification with them on exam day.
A TikTok user and Amazon customer shared a PSA on how to download your order history at the end of the year to determine exactly how much you spent shopping.
TikTok user Lauren (@laurensmoneymindset) regularly posts about money issues facing millennials. In this video, she explains that each year she downloads her Amazon history to total how much she spent at the online retailer in the past 12 months.
“You can get this in an Excel file,” Lauren says. “This year, I went to do it and I couldn’t find it, and it took me some digging around to find where to click the button because they moved it. So let me show you where it is now.”
Lauren then turns her camera to her browser, which is open to her Amazon account. From the “Account & Lists” tab, she clicks on “Account.” From there, she scrolls all the way down to “Data and Privacy,” and clicks “Request Your Information.”
“And then you select “Category” and you hit ‘Your Orders’ and then you hit ‘Submit Request,'” Lauren says.
A notification will then alert you that “You’re almost done” and you should go to your email and find a confirmation from Amazon. Click the link to verify your request, she says.
@laurensmoneymindset Stay tuned for Part 2 where I share how much I spent on Amazon in 2023 👀 #amazonspending #millenialfinance ♬ original sound – Lauren Miller
“It does say it can take up to 30 days to get your data, but mine didn’t take that long,” Lauren says.
In a follow-up video, Lauren reveals what she calls her “Amazon Wrapped,” which is a play on Spotify’s recap of music users listened to throughout the year. Her family ordered a total of 135 items and spent a total of $3,237 after returns, she says. The average cost per item was $27.
Lauren’s video has amassed more than 226,000 views and 650 comments since Dec. 4. In the comments, users offered mixed reactions.
“That number is none of my business,” wrote one user.
“Oh my god I do not want to know how much I spent on Amazon this year,” a second user agreed. Lauren replied, “The first year I looked was BAD but I used that amount to set a goal to spend less the following year so I had a starting place!”
The Daily Dot reached out to Lauren via email for comment.
*First Published: Dec 15, 2023, 11:00 am CST
Nina Hernandez
Nina Hernandez is a writer, journalist, music critic, and culture commentator based in Austin, Texas.
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Entry-level e-readers are fine for casual users, but if you're an avid bookworm, traveler, or commuter, you might want something with a few extra features. Amazon's Kindle Oasis is a good but pricey option that has all the bells and whistles you could need, and it's our premium pick for the best Kindle reading experience.
At a glance, the Oasis' price tag may scare off potential users — $250 for the base model is a lot for an e-reader. However, it adds a few upgrades over Amazon's other Kindles, like physical page turn buttons and a more ergonomic design. Though we think the cheaper Kindle Paperwhite is a better value for most readers, the Oasis remains a more high-end option for those willing to pay extra.
But it's important to note that the current Kindle Oasis was released back in 2019, and it's starting to show its age. Amazon hasn't announced a refresh, but it's possible that some kind of updated model could be in the works if you're willing to wait.
The most ergonomic Kindle
When you're holding a device for hours, its form factor matters. The Kindle Oasis rises above every other Kindle thanks to its unique asymmetrical design that feels great in hand. Deceivingly simple, the device has one slightly thicker side that provides a place for you to lightly grip it while reading — which offers a much more comfortable hold than the pinch you need to adapt for other Kindles.
It doesn't matter which side you favor either; the e-reader's rotating page orientation can automatically flip your book to accommodate lefties, righties, or readers who toss and turn while lying down. Outside the Oasis, this feature is only found on Amazon's more expensive Kindle Scribe. And just like the more affordable Kindle Paperwhite, the Oasis is water resistant, making it ideal for bathtime bookworms, beachgoers, and commuters.
Physical page turn buttons for tactile reading
In addition to a nice grip in hand, the Oasis features page turn buttons that no other Kindle has. In an age where touchscreens dominate the tech market, having real buttons is actually a nice change of pace. For readers who miss the tactile feeling of turning the page in a book, the buttons make for a welcome physical experience when flipping to the next screen.
The automatic rotation feature complements this well, keeping the buttons accessible to whichever hand you're currently holding the device with. And for fans of touchscreens, don't fret: the Oasis still allows you to turn pages by tapping either side of the display if you prefer.
An incredibly bright, customizable screen
With its seven-inch glare-free display, the Oasis offers the second-largest screen of any Kindle. It's also lit with 25 LEDs, which is eight more than the Paperwhite and a whopping 21 more than the standard Kindle. It uses these LEDs to deliver exceptionally uniform lighting with crisp text and sharp images.
The Oasis is fit for reading in just about any environment too, and not just because it's waterproof. Its adjustable brightness and lighting temperature means that you can brighten your screen for easy outdoor browsing or warm up the backlight to ease your eyes into sleep late at night. It'll even make these changes for you — it comes with automatic lighting adjustment, which is a feature that's missing on the regular Kindle and base Paperwhite.
It's still a great e-reader, but its age shows
Despite all of its high-end bells and whistles, the Kindle Oasis has one major flaw: its age. Released in 2019, the Oasis is now the oldest Kindle that's still part of Amazon's current lineup. And sadly, the Oasis shows its age in a few key ways, including its outdated micro-USB charging port and its slower performance compared to Amazon's latest Paperwhite.
The micro-USB port is a big deal, especially when every other Kindle and nearly every modern device, even the iPhone 15, has made the leap to USB-C. Owning an Oasis means keeping yet another cable around, and an otherwise useless one at that.
Thankfully, despite its age, the Kindle Oasis isn't a slow device. It still outpaces several other e-readers in terms of snappy performance, making it a great companion for speed readers and those who intend to use the library browser. However, the cheaper Kindle Paperwhite released in 2021 beats it in terms of speed, which is disappointing for a device meant to be the best of its kind.
Its battery life is also a bit worse than the Paperwhite, though by no means is it poor. I was still able to tap into weeks of usage on a single charge when reading in a variety of environments requiring different lighting. However, the battery does drain when not in use, more noticeably than newer Kindles do. When I left my Oasis alone for over a month, I'd come back to find it at only half battery.
Access to the Kindle ecosystem anywhere
A huge benefit of buying a Kindle Oasis, or any Kindle, is access to Amazon's excellent Kindle store, as well as the option to sign up for Kindle Unlimited or Prime Reading. Amazon has one of the largest collections of e-books available for purchase, sometimes even offering titles that Rakuten's Kobo doesn't. Kindle files are also locked exclusively to Kindle e-readers and the Kindle app, so it's a big deal to be a part of the ecosystem.
There are also additional services, like Kindle Unlimited and Prime Reading, that can be fully taken advantage of with a Kindle. Prime Reading is a perk that comes with an Amazon Prime subscription, giving members access to over a thousand titles including magazines, comic books, and more. Kindle Unlimited is an add-on subscription that lets you borrow up to 20 books from a library of millions every month for only $12 a month.
These features do need internet access, but luckily, the Kindle Oasis is the only Kindle to offer a model that includes free cellular connectivity in addition to WiFi. If you purchase this edition, you can download and borrow new titles anywhere, with no computer or additional device needed. The cell service itself is reliable, with book downloads not taking more than a minute or two.
However, this version of the Oasis is more expensive, and it's hard to find now. Though our review model includes 4G LTE support, Amazon's site only has the WiFi model in stock.
Should you buy it?
If you're willing to pay a premium for high-end features, the Kindle Oasis remains a solid purchase, but despite all of its unique perks, we think it's a bit too outdated and expensive for most readers.
Though features like automatic page orientation and page turn buttons are handy, the device's old micro-USB port, aging hardware, and high price make the Oasis difficult to recommend over the cheaper Kindle Paperwhite. The Paperwhite is missing a few of the Oasis' extra bells and whistles, and its screen isn't as nice, but it's a bit snappier, and it has the same waterproof build for a lot less.
For now, the Oasis is still our pick for the best high-end Kindle if you really want its exclusive features, but the Paperwhite is a better fit for most needs. And even if you're set on a premium e-reader, you may want to hold out. Amazon introduces new Kindle models every few years, and the Oasis is due for an update. It's been going in and out of stock a lot lately too, which could point to an upgrade or replacement model coming sooner rather than later.
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